The semiconductor industry is undergoing continuous transformation as demand rises for faster, smaller, and more energy-efficient integrated circuits. Technologies such as artificial intelligence, 5G communication, automotive electronics, and high-performance computing rely heavily on advanced chip design. At the center of these innovations is VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration), a di... https://messiahbglqv.blogunteer.com/38246242/understanding-the-physical-design-perspective-in-modern-vlsi-education