In 1993 Kuz’minov and Osiko pointed out that the ‘disturbance�?of stoichiometry in LN crystals is generally due to the insufficient oxygen in Nb2O5, applied as being a raw materials First melt (Czochralski system) [186]. Appropriately, according to its creation engineering, niobium pentoxide can adopt a wide array of compositions Nb2O5−x. https://dickm801xrk6.thekatyblog.com/profile